Q. I have already decided to take computer science but want to know what is the procedure to become an ethical hacker.
How good is it to become an ethical hacker in India?
What are the skills one requires?
And, finally, what programming languages one must learn?
How good is it to become an ethical hacker in India?
What are the skills one requires?
And, finally, what programming languages one must learn?
A. I am not sure, but I would assume that the market is booming in India, consider India's booming economy especially in fields and with conditions conducive to a good market for information security professionals. I have been through university schooling and I can tell that you that 99% of what I learned was technical, conceptual, "book" knowledge with very little practical "know how." In order to gain that ever important "know how" you are going to have practice. There are also establishments like Infosec Institute or SANS who offer courses in ethical hacking with the option to get certified as a CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) and more. In my honest opinion, information security is not an entry level field and you should certainly spend at least a year or two in a (sysadmin) system administrator role then make the step up.
Here are the essential skills skills for an ethical hacker:
1. OPERATING SYSTEMS: Mastery of an operating system. How can you cover your tracks if you donât even know where youâve left tracks? If you donât know the OS in detail, how can you possibly know everywhere things are logged?
2. NETWORKING/TCP/IP: Good knowledge of networking and network protocols. Being able to list the OSI model DOES NOT qualify as knowing networking and network protocols. You must know TCP in and out. Not just that it stands for Transmission Control Protocol, but actually know that structure of the packet, know whatâs in it, know how it works in detail. A good place to start is TCP/IP Illustrated by W. Richard Stevens (either edition works). Know the difference between TCP and UDP. Understand routing, be able to in detail describe how a packet gets from one place to another. Know how DNS works, and know it in detail. Understand ARP, how itâs used, why itâs used. Understand DHCP. Whatâs the process for getting an automatic IP address? What happens when you plug in? What type of traffic does your NIC generate when itâs plugged in and tries to get an automatically assigned address? Is it layer 2 traffic? Layer 3 traffic? If you donât understand these things, then you canât possibly understand how an ARP Spoof or a MiTM attack actually works?
3. SCRIPTING/BASH: Learn some basic scripting. Start with something simple like vbs or Bash. Eventually youâll want to graduate from scripting and start learning to actually code/program or in short write basic software (hello world DOES NOT count).
5. FIREWALLS: Get yourself a basic firewall, and learn how to configure it to block/allow only what you want. Then practice defeating it. You can find cheap used routers and firewalls on ebay, or maybe ask your company for old ones. Start with simple ACLâs on a router. Learn how to scan past them using basic IP spoofing and other simple techniques. Thereâs not better way to understand these concepts than to apply them. Once youâre mastered this, you can move to a PIX, or ASA and start the process over again. Start experimenting with trying to push Unicode through it, and other attacks. Spend time on this site and other places to find info on doing these things. Really the point is to learn to do them.
6. DATA-RECOVERY/FORENSICS: Know some forensics! This will only make you better at covering your tracks. The implications should be obvious.
7. BASIC PROGRAMMING: Eventually learn a programming language, then learn a few more
8. CRYPTOGRAPHY: Cryptographic protocols, etc.
9. DATABASES. (such as MySQL,etc.) Iâm not saying you need to be a DB expert, but knowing the basic constructs help.
10. Real life "social networking" - interacting, sharing knowledge with similarly minded people. A strong desire to learn more.
Start by picking an operating system and learning it's ins-&outs. Learn the networking stuff! Straight away! Practice scripting. Play with firewalls. Dabble with data recovery. Dabble a bit in crypto. Learning the math doesn't hurt.
These are the practical skills which will help you find work once you learn all the lofty, conceptual, technical stuff studying computer science in school. Sure, it's great to know how a gate works or how to build one of out coconuts or whatever.. but I'm talking about practical skills which you can use every day on the job in information security.
Here are the essential skills skills for an ethical hacker:
1. OPERATING SYSTEMS: Mastery of an operating system. How can you cover your tracks if you donât even know where youâve left tracks? If you donât know the OS in detail, how can you possibly know everywhere things are logged?
2. NETWORKING/TCP/IP: Good knowledge of networking and network protocols. Being able to list the OSI model DOES NOT qualify as knowing networking and network protocols. You must know TCP in and out. Not just that it stands for Transmission Control Protocol, but actually know that structure of the packet, know whatâs in it, know how it works in detail. A good place to start is TCP/IP Illustrated by W. Richard Stevens (either edition works). Know the difference between TCP and UDP. Understand routing, be able to in detail describe how a packet gets from one place to another. Know how DNS works, and know it in detail. Understand ARP, how itâs used, why itâs used. Understand DHCP. Whatâs the process for getting an automatic IP address? What happens when you plug in? What type of traffic does your NIC generate when itâs plugged in and tries to get an automatically assigned address? Is it layer 2 traffic? Layer 3 traffic? If you donât understand these things, then you canât possibly understand how an ARP Spoof or a MiTM attack actually works?
3. SCRIPTING/BASH: Learn some basic scripting. Start with something simple like vbs or Bash. Eventually youâll want to graduate from scripting and start learning to actually code/program or in short write basic software (hello world DOES NOT count).
5. FIREWALLS: Get yourself a basic firewall, and learn how to configure it to block/allow only what you want. Then practice defeating it. You can find cheap used routers and firewalls on ebay, or maybe ask your company for old ones. Start with simple ACLâs on a router. Learn how to scan past them using basic IP spoofing and other simple techniques. Thereâs not better way to understand these concepts than to apply them. Once youâre mastered this, you can move to a PIX, or ASA and start the process over again. Start experimenting with trying to push Unicode through it, and other attacks. Spend time on this site and other places to find info on doing these things. Really the point is to learn to do them.
6. DATA-RECOVERY/FORENSICS: Know some forensics! This will only make you better at covering your tracks. The implications should be obvious.
7. BASIC PROGRAMMING: Eventually learn a programming language, then learn a few more
8. CRYPTOGRAPHY: Cryptographic protocols, etc.
9. DATABASES. (such as MySQL,etc.) Iâm not saying you need to be a DB expert, but knowing the basic constructs help.
10. Real life "social networking" - interacting, sharing knowledge with similarly minded people. A strong desire to learn more.
Start by picking an operating system and learning it's ins-&outs. Learn the networking stuff! Straight away! Practice scripting. Play with firewalls. Dabble with data recovery. Dabble a bit in crypto. Learning the math doesn't hurt.
These are the practical skills which will help you find work once you learn all the lofty, conceptual, technical stuff studying computer science in school. Sure, it's great to know how a gate works or how to build one of out coconuts or whatever.. but I'm talking about practical skills which you can use every day on the job in information security.
What impact will the latest economic news have on the Presidential race?
Q. More economic evidence that the U.S. continues to do better than most other advanced economies of the world despite the fact that economists have been saying the weak global economy, especially the Euro-crisis, has slowed our recovery.
The conservative Wall Street Journal reports today after recent reports showing unemployment dropping and consumer confidence growing, now retail sales increased beating analysts expectations.
WSJ "The stronger retail data provide some of the first hard evidence that rising consumer confidence is translating into actual spending. On Friday, a survey from the University of Michigan showed consumer sentiment hitting its highest level since before the recession. Other polls and surveys also have shown Americans becoming more positive about the economy.
Such optimism comes despite a weakening global outlook that has dragged down exports and hurt manufacturers. The domestic economy (the U.S.) is doing better even as the export side is weakening (because of a poor global economy).
Economists said the current rebound may reflect a broader improvement in household finances. Job growth has been slow but relatively steady over the past two years, and incomes are rising again. The stock market has been strong and the long-moribund housing market is finally beginning to improve." http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443675404578058291688750404.html
In August we learned housing had it's first positive year June 2011-2012 since the Great Recession.
Today Business Insider reports DEUTSCHE BANK says"The Housing Market Is Telling Us The Rest Of The Economy Will Accelerate Within Months.'...this recovery in housing is important because housing is what led the U.S. economy into a recession, and is part of the reason the recovery has been so slow". http://www.businessinsider.com/lavorgna-housing-recovery-is-for-real-2012-10#ixzz29OwbBsRZ
John Walsh, president, Total Mortgage Services- not a big Obama fan- has said "I believe President Obama can claim a victory in the housing war to date".
http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/242905-obamas-housing-victory
See the Official charts on economic growth at http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/Documents/20120502_EconomicGrowth.pdf
The conservative Wall Street Journal reports today after recent reports showing unemployment dropping and consumer confidence growing, now retail sales increased beating analysts expectations.
WSJ "The stronger retail data provide some of the first hard evidence that rising consumer confidence is translating into actual spending. On Friday, a survey from the University of Michigan showed consumer sentiment hitting its highest level since before the recession. Other polls and surveys also have shown Americans becoming more positive about the economy.
Such optimism comes despite a weakening global outlook that has dragged down exports and hurt manufacturers. The domestic economy (the U.S.) is doing better even as the export side is weakening (because of a poor global economy).
Economists said the current rebound may reflect a broader improvement in household finances. Job growth has been slow but relatively steady over the past two years, and incomes are rising again. The stock market has been strong and the long-moribund housing market is finally beginning to improve." http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443675404578058291688750404.html
In August we learned housing had it's first positive year June 2011-2012 since the Great Recession.
Today Business Insider reports DEUTSCHE BANK says"The Housing Market Is Telling Us The Rest Of The Economy Will Accelerate Within Months.'...this recovery in housing is important because housing is what led the U.S. economy into a recession, and is part of the reason the recovery has been so slow". http://www.businessinsider.com/lavorgna-housing-recovery-is-for-real-2012-10#ixzz29OwbBsRZ
John Walsh, president, Total Mortgage Services- not a big Obama fan- has said "I believe President Obama can claim a victory in the housing war to date".
http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/242905-obamas-housing-victory
See the Official charts on economic growth at http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/Documents/20120502_EconomicGrowth.pdf
A. Uneducated people who are presently failures (in whatever they do) will not let facts affect their racial bigotry. = They want to blame a black man for their failures, and there is Obama front and center.
Obama/Biden 2012
Obama/Biden 2012
How is Global Warming caused by natural factors?
Q. I have an essay I have to do, and it's over how Global Warming is caused by natural factors. I cannot get my opening paragraph going. After the introduction, the rest will be a breeze. Any help is appreciated, thanks!
A. global warming can be caused by a number of natural factors including increases in solar output, decreases in cloud abundance and aerosol activity, decreases in albedo, warming phases of long term ocean and atmospheric oscillations, decreases in volcanic activity (less atmospheric aerosols in the short term), increases in greenhouse gases (volcanic activity emits greenhouse gases which gives rise to warming in the long term if it's constant), and so on. If your report is to attempt to explain the recent warming with natural variables that is going to be tough since that is not what is causing the recent warming. If we look at actual measurements, including solar input which is decreasing and what are known as Milankovitch Cycles which should currently be causing cooling, we see that the most obvious reason for increasing temperatures is the rise in greenhouse gases. We see, furthermore, than humans are responsible for twice the amount of CO2 the atmosphere is accumulating and a portion of other gases such as methane (This includes ruminant farming practices). So while natural variables have been shown to cause warming in the past you're going to have a hard time showing that the recent warming is natural if you look at actual measurements as opposed to the 'what ifs' and 'could bes' posted by those above including the videos Maxx posted.
Caliservative: The UAH (University of Alabama in Huntsville) data uses exactly the same raw data that RSS uses, satellite data. And the UAH data is run by climate skeptic Roy Spencer. What you are attempting to talk about is the HadCRUT data set out of the University of East Anglia of 'Climategate" fame. I realize you are a smart individual but it would be best to talk about the right groups. and oddly all land based data sets show exactly the same amount of warming. Both the satellite data sets show much the same warming as well. the only difference being the effects the ENSO cycle has on the readings as satellite and ground based data have different spstial characteristics. The UAH data set is also not anywhere near thought of as 'The gold standard' of climate science. That would most likely be NASAs GIStemp, run by Hansen, or NOAAs NCDC.
Furthermore with your claim that Dr Roe shows that ice features correspond more with Milankovitch cycles, why wouldn't they? Man just began burning vast amounts of hydrocarbon just over a century ago. Solar input combined with Milankovitch cycles are well known to be the time factor of the ice ages and the recovery. This does not mean that an additional characteristic that naturally acts as a feedback has no or little effect. And as shown in previous studies, one of which was emphasized by many 'skeptic' blogs, the current phase of the milankovitch cycle is one of cooling and has been for 6000 years. The rate of temperature change during a Milankovitch cycle shift, however, is much much slower than is occurring presently. And it's going in the wrong direction to be responsible for the warming of the last century and deals with the wrong energy frequencies as the frequencies related to Milankovitch warming and cooling are shortwave while the current warming is attributable to longwave energy.
http://courses.washington.edu/holocene/KutzbachGuetter_HoloceneSweep_JAS86.pdf
http://math.virginia.edu/~ji2k/Home/Papers/Imbrie-Imbrie.pdf
Your linked paper states nothing about the current warming trend but instead states things concerning the late Pleistocene and so on. This page, by the EPA, shows exactly what has been stated in your linked paper.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/causes.html
Caliservative: The UAH (University of Alabama in Huntsville) data uses exactly the same raw data that RSS uses, satellite data. And the UAH data is run by climate skeptic Roy Spencer. What you are attempting to talk about is the HadCRUT data set out of the University of East Anglia of 'Climategate" fame. I realize you are a smart individual but it would be best to talk about the right groups. and oddly all land based data sets show exactly the same amount of warming. Both the satellite data sets show much the same warming as well. the only difference being the effects the ENSO cycle has on the readings as satellite and ground based data have different spstial characteristics. The UAH data set is also not anywhere near thought of as 'The gold standard' of climate science. That would most likely be NASAs GIStemp, run by Hansen, or NOAAs NCDC.
Furthermore with your claim that Dr Roe shows that ice features correspond more with Milankovitch cycles, why wouldn't they? Man just began burning vast amounts of hydrocarbon just over a century ago. Solar input combined with Milankovitch cycles are well known to be the time factor of the ice ages and the recovery. This does not mean that an additional characteristic that naturally acts as a feedback has no or little effect. And as shown in previous studies, one of which was emphasized by many 'skeptic' blogs, the current phase of the milankovitch cycle is one of cooling and has been for 6000 years. The rate of temperature change during a Milankovitch cycle shift, however, is much much slower than is occurring presently. And it's going in the wrong direction to be responsible for the warming of the last century and deals with the wrong energy frequencies as the frequencies related to Milankovitch warming and cooling are shortwave while the current warming is attributable to longwave energy.
http://courses.washington.edu/holocene/KutzbachGuetter_HoloceneSweep_JAS86.pdf
http://math.virginia.edu/~ji2k/Home/Papers/Imbrie-Imbrie.pdf
Your linked paper states nothing about the current warming trend but instead states things concerning the late Pleistocene and so on. This page, by the EPA, shows exactly what has been stated in your linked paper.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/causes.html
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